BASIC ELECTRONICS

ATOM

1. The basic unit of a chemical element.
2. Such particles as a source of nuclear energy: "the power of the atom".
   
   
   ELECTRON
   A stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity.
   

CURRENT DEFINITION:

The flow of the electrons is called current.

Show with: A

Unit: Ampere

             TYPES OF CURRENT

AC Current:

The type of the current who change a direction every time is called (AC) Alternative Current.

           SYMBOL:  ~

 Advantages and Disadvantages of AC

• Not Store this current 
• Not Terminals Issue like (+,-) 
• Frequency is 50 to 60 HZ in one second 
• This Current  source is WAPDA

DC Current:

The type of the current who not change a direction is called (DC) Direct Current

          SYMBOL:  --

Advantages and Disadvantages of DC Current 

• Terminals Issue like (+,-) 
• Frequency is not Available
• This current is Store in Batteries
• If you put wrong Terminals your thing is damaged

 Potential Difference/ Voltage

1. The average flow of the electrons is called 
2. Who force apply a pressure for change a place (or) moving electrons is called Potential difference or Voltage                      

Show with: A
Unit: Volt

MULTIMETER
Who Instrument use for measure electric Current, Voltage and usually resistance, with typically over several ranges of value.

TYPES

Basically two types of multiimeters

Analog Multimeter	Digital Multimeter
DEFINITION:                           This type of multimeter can measure Volt,Ohm,Amps and other electrical characteristics and displays the reading by moving a needle	DEFINITION:                     This type of multimeter can measure Volt,Ohm,Amps and other electrical characteristics and displaying the value in number form

ANALOG AND DIGITAL MULTIMETR  DIAGRAMS

ANALOG	DIGITAL

RESISTER
This is a electronic component Who create a resistance in the flow of the Electrons is called Resister

Symbol:

Unit:

          OHM

Show: R

HOW TO CHECK REISTOR VALUE WITH MULTIMETER EXPLAIN WTH DIAGRAM

Firstly set multimeter arrange at 100Killo Ohm. Then you attach +ve probe with any terminal and –ve probe with any terminal of resistor.  If multimeter needle is working and stop needle in any value .Which value stop a multimeter needle. That means this is a Value of resistor
note:   if multimeter needle no stop in any value . That means you change a arrange of  multimeter.

RESISTOR COLOUR COGIND AND

HOW TO CALCULATE VALUE OF RESISTOE

FORMULA: 
                      1^STBand, 2^ND Band and MULTIPAL WITH 3^RD BAND WITH 10 POWER

THERMISTOR

                      
This is a electronic Component  who increase and decrease Resistance according to temperature is called Thermistor.

Symbol:

                 

HOW TO CHECK THERMISTOR VALUE WITH MULTIMETER

EXPLAIN WTH DIAGRAM

r.

First check, with an ohmmeter, the thermistor without any heat applied. With a PTC thermistor at room temperature or below, the thermistor should measure a very low resistance.

Now apply heat, just like before, to the thermistor's body. The resistance of the PTC thermistor should gradually and steadily rise, within seconds of being applied.

If the resistance increases steadily, then the PTc thermistor is good. If it does not, it is faulty and should be discarded. 

NOTE:

            Always SMD Thermistor use in Laptops

                         

                            

FUSE

  

DEFINITION:

                          This is a electronic component. Who use a for circuit Protection is called Fuse.

Symbol:

              

Note: If fuse not available. So use Jumper wire Alternative Fuse.

 HOW TO CHECK FUSE WITH MULTIMETER

EXPLAIN WTH DIAGRAM

                                       

                                                     

Firstly set multimeter arrange at 100Killo Ohm. Then you attach +ve probe with any terminal and –ve probe with any terminal of Fuse.  If multimeter needle is working and no stop needle in any value show like short That means your fuse is ok  If multimeter needle is not working

That means your fuse is break.

NOTE:

              IF SHOW (+ -) Value in fuse that means you attach +ve probe with +terminal -ve probe with –terminal

DIODE

Definition:

                   This is a electronic component . Who convert A.C current to D.C current is called D

OR

1.     This is a semiconductor component with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only.

2.     This component make with tube having two electrodes (an anode and a cathode).

Symbol:

            

SHOW :

                 D

How to check Diode with Multimeter I explain with Picture

Firstly set multimeter arrange at 100Killo Ohm. Then you attach +ve probe with anode terminal and –ve probe with cathode terminal of diode If multimeter needle is working That means your diode is ok. If multimeter needle is not working That means your diode is damage.

Secondly set multimeter arrange at 100Killo Ohm. Then you attach +ve probe with cathode terminal and –ve probe with anode terminal of diode If multimeter needle is working That means your diode is damage. If multimeter needle is not working That means your diode is ok

Diode bridge rectifier                   Bridge rectifier I.C

.

                 

Note:

         Bridge rectifiers use for A.C to D.C convert

CPACIITOR

Definition:

                      This is a electronic component, A device used to store an electric charge, consisting of one or more pairs of conductors separated by an insulator.

TYPES:

               Two types of capacitors

1)     Polar

2)     Non-Polar

POLAR

Definition:

                    This is a type of capacitor. Who gave a polarity like (+,-) terminal .This is a  type of  capacitor who use in D.C circuit.

Symbol:

              

Show with and unit

                     C and micro faried

 How to check Capacitor with Multimeter I explain with Picture

        

Firstly set multimeter arrange at 100Killo Ohm. Then you attach +ve probe with +ve terminal and –ve probe with -ve terminal of cpacitor If multimeter needle is working and go back slowely That means your capacitor is ok. If multimeter needle is not working That means your capacitor  is damage.

NOTE:

              If multimeter needle is not working. You firstly charge  capacitor Then again check it if  again needle is not working that means Finally your capacitor is damage

NON-POLAR

         Definition:

                    This is a type of capacitor. Who gave a no polarity like (+,-) terminal .This is a  type of  capacitor who use in A.C circuit.

Symbol:

                          

Show with and unit

                     C and Picco faried

 How to check Capacitor with Multimeter I explain with Picture

        

Firstly set multimeter arrange at 100Killo Ohm. Then you attach +ve probe with one terminal and –ve probe with second terminal of cpacitor If multimeter needle is not working that means ok

NOTE:

             Always SMD Cpacitors used in Laptops  SMD CAPCITOR